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2026
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Epstein(V): offshore havens
爱泼斯坦(五):离岸避税天堂
Preface: This was written in collaboration with Gemini.
In 1982, Epstein left Bear Stearns and launched his first major independent venture, Intercontinental Assets Group(IAG). I thought it was just a grand name, but he actually managed assets intercontinentally, and that is, by helping some people hide money offshore. At IAG, he marketed himself as a specialist in recovering lost or stolen assets. He claimed he could track down money that had been embezzled or hidden in complex offshore tax havens. Most investigators believe he wasn’t just “finding” money, he was learning how to hide money through figuring out the path it took to stay hidden. He was essentially a consultant for capital flight, helping people move large sums of money across borders without attracting the attention of governments or tax authorities.
In the world of high-stakes fraud, there is a fine line between "tracking down" hidden money and "learning how to hide it better." Epstein’s claim that he was recovering embezzled funds was the perfect "Trojan Horse" to get into the offices of billionaires and heads of state. According to Gemini, the pitch could have been something like: “I know how the bad guys hide money because I’m a math genius who understands offshore flows. Hire me to find your missing assets.” Once he was hired, he gained full access to the client’s most sensitive financial data. Instead of just “finding” lost money, he would show the client how to restructure their current wealth using the same offshore loopholes he claimed to be investigating.
By gaining access to sensitive financial data, information such as how the client used to avoid taxes, or who’s embezzling money from the company, where the money comes from, hidden offshore real estates, things you wouldn't want your wife to know, he got to see all the loopholes of all kinds of banks, such as Morgan Stanley, and how these banks oversaw offshore accounts.
According to Steven Hoffenberg, Epstein’s former business partner and the mastermind behind the Towers Financial Ponzi scheme, Epstein’s true business at IAG was not finding money, but ‘finding dirt.’ This is further corroborated by investigative journalist Vicky Ward, who described Epstein as an ‘Intelligence Broker’ who used financial forensic skills to gain leverage over the powerful. If he found that a client’s business partner was skimming money, he didn't necessarily report it. Instead, he would "befriend" the partner and let them know he knew. Now, that person was "in his pocket." According to Vicky Ward, a powerhouse in the world of investigative journalism and a New York Times bestselling author, Epstein realized early on that information is more valuable than cash. Cash can be tracked; a secret gives you permanent control over a powerful person. Epstein targeted people who had everything to lose. In the 80s, the biggest "dirt" was financial fraud or tax evasion. By the 90s, he added social and sexual scandals to his "portfolio" of leverage. He operated in the space where legal and illegal meet. He knew which politicians were funded by which offshore accounts. This made him a "broker"—someone who could connect people, but also someone who could keep people quiet.
I’m curious about just how these people were able to hide money, so I went into a little investigation. Apparently, hiding money offshore isn't just about putting cash in a suitcase and flying to Switzerland; it’s about creating a mathematical and legal maze that makes it impossible to prove who owns what. The foundation is the Shell Company, a company that exists only on paper. You set up a company in a jurisdiction like the British Virgin Islands(BVI) or Panama. You don’t put your name on it, you use nominee directors. These are local lawyers or professional directors who get paid a small fee to put their names on the registration. On the public record, the company is owned by, let's say “John Doe” in Tortola. In reality, you hold the physical certificates that way whoever holds this paper owns the company.
Let’s say a US company “buys” consulting services from a BVI company, which results in money leaving the US legally as a business expense. The BVI company “invests” that money into Cayman Island Trust. The Cayman Island Trust “loans” the money to a Luxembourg Holding Company. By the time a government investigator looks at the Luxembourg company, they would have got court orders from three different countries, each with strict bank secrecy laws, just to see where the money came from. Most investigators simply give up.
However, small offshore banks couldn’t move money globally on their own. They needed big “correspondent Banks” like JPMorgan or Deutsche Bank. A small bank in the Caribbean has one big “master account” at JPMorgan in New York. When Epstein moves money from a client, it looks to JPMorgan like the Caribbean Bank is moving money. JPMorgan doesn’t necessarily see the thousands of individual subaccounts inside that Caribbean bank. The money is sitting in a top-tier NY bank, but it’s “cloaked” under the name of the offshore entity.
In order to move “clean” money out of a high-tax country (like the US) into a zero-tax country, Epstein would have his clients’ offshore company send a bill to the US business for “Intellectual Property Rights” or “Marketing Consulting”, something obscure and hard to define, for 10 million. The US business pays the bill, reducing its taxable profit by 10 million. The 10 million arrives in the offshore accounts as “income”, where the tax rate is 0%. No laws were broken, but $10 million just vanished from the IRS’s reach. Pretty smart, huh? It seems to me that Mr. Epstein was always ahead of laws and legislation, if we were to look at laws, technically, he didn’t “break” any laws, but was it moral? Probably not. I guess it takes me to be a billionaire to understand, but just how much money do these people want? I guess to be a billionaire, you gotta have some sort of abnormal appetite or greed for power and money, 99% people aren’t motivated enough to do that. It takes a lot of work, a lot of greed, a lot of self-discipline, and like I said , a questionable moral compass. There is a point where too much money is bad, it crosses the line of how much you’ve taken and perhaps, stolen from other people, when they could have had those resources. I personally don’t believe in billionaires doing philanthropic work, like, how about just paying taxes? Or how about just blatantly giving up your money? No? Then your “philantropy work” is probably just a fancy way to avoid taxes, and make you look good, even though to the people that know you are doing, it makes you look very bad and hypocritical.
Anyways, on top of all those “neat” maneuvers, there’s also this thing called “back-to-back” loan. I know you are probably very confused with all the terminologies now, but this is very important for everyone to know. If you are having a hard time with the economy right now, you don’t gotta know this, just keep your head high and stay strong. But to anyone that isn’t struggling, and is living a relatively relaxed life, please read on. Do what you wish with this information, it shouldn’t be privileged information to billionaires. Also, you can ask Gemini for anything you want, and a lot of these are somewhere out on the internet, feel free to do your own research and correct me if I’m wrong.
So anyways, the “back-to-back” loan is when you don’t withdraw the money (which would be taxed), instead you use your $10 million offshore as a collateral for a loan from an international bank. The result is that the bank “lends” you $10 million in the US. Since loan proceeds aren’t taxable income, you have the cash to spend. You even get to deduct the interest you pay on the loan from your US taxes. You are essentially paying yourself interest to use your own hidden money.
Epstein weaponized all these techniques. He didn’t just do this for himself, he did it to bind people to him. If he set up a “back-to-back” loan for a politician or a CEO, he held the keys to that person’s destruction. If the “loan” was ever exposed as a sham, that person would go to prison for tax fraud. From journalist Vicky Ward’s view, Epstein wasn’t just a banker, he was an intelligence broker, he was the guy who knew exactly which “ghost” companies belonged to which powerful people. That knowledge was his real currency.
(continued in the next post) ☀️
前言:本文与 Gemini 合作完成。
1982年,爱泼斯坦离开贝尔斯登(Bear Stearns),创办了他第一个重要的独立企业——洲际资产集团(Intercontinental Assets Group,简称 IAG)。我原以为这只是个夸张的名字,但他确实在进行“跨洲资产管理”,也就是说,帮一些人把钱藏到海外。在 IAG,他把自己包装成一名专门追回丢失或被盗资产的专家。他声称自己可以追踪那些被侵吞或藏在复杂离岸避税天堂中的资金。大多数调查人员认为,他不只是“找回”资金,而是在通过研究资金如何隐藏来学习如何更好地隐藏资金。他本质上是资本外逃的顾问,帮助人们在不引起政府或税务机关注意的情况下,将巨额资金跨境转移。
在高风险金融欺诈的世界里,“追踪隐藏资金”和“学会如何更好地隐藏资金”之间只有一线之隔。爱泼斯坦声称自己在追回被侵吞的资金,这是进入亿万富翁和国家元首办公室的完美“特洛伊木马”。据 Gemini 推测,他的推销话术可能是这样的:“我知道坏人如何藏钱,因为我是一个懂得离岸资金流动的数学天才。雇我来帮你找回丢失的资产吧。”一旦被雇佣,他就能完全接触客户最敏感的财务数据。他不仅仅是“找回”资金,而是向客户展示如何利用他声称正在调查的那些离岸漏洞,来重组他们现有的财富。
通过接触这些敏感的财务信息,比如客户如何避税、谁在公司内部侵吞资金、钱从哪里来、隐藏的海外房地产、那些你不希望你妻子知道的事情,他看到了各种银行(比如摩根士丹利)存在的所有漏洞,以及这些银行是如何监管离岸账户的。
据爱泼斯坦的前商业伙伴、塔楼金融庞氏骗局(Towers Financial Ponzi scheme)的主谋史蒂文·霍芬伯格(Steven Hoffenberg)所说,爱泼斯坦在 IAG 的真正生意不是找钱,而是“找黑料”。这一点也得到了调查记者维姬·沃德(Vicky Ward)的印证,她将爱泼斯坦描述为一名“情报掮客”,利用金融取证技能对权势人物施加控制。如果他发现客户的商业伙伴在挪用资金,他不一定会上报,而是会去“结交”对方,并让对方知道他已经掌握了真相。于是,那个人就“落入了他的掌控之中”。据维姬·沃德这位调查新闻界的重量级人物、也是《纽约时报》畅销书作者所说,爱泼斯坦很早就意识到:信息比现金更有价值。现金可以被追踪;秘密却能让你永久控制一个有权势的人。爱泼斯坦专门针对那些“输不起”的人。80年代,最大的“黑料”是金融欺诈或逃税;到了90年代,他又把社会丑闻和性丑闻加入了他的“筹码组合”。他游走在合法与非法的交界地带。他知道哪些政客是由哪些离岸账户资助的。这使他成为一个“掮客”——既能牵线搭桥,也能让人保持沉默。
我很好奇这些人究竟是如何藏钱的,于是做了一点调查。显然,离岸藏钱并不是把现金塞进箱子飞去瑞士那么简单;而是要构建一个数学和法律的迷宫,让人无法证明谁拥有什么。其基础是“空壳公司”,一种只存在于纸面上的公司。你在英属维尔京群岛(BVI)或巴拿马这样的司法辖区注册一家公司,不用自己的名字,而是使用名义董事。这些通常是当地律师或职业董事,他们收取少量费用,把自己的名字写在注册文件上。在公开记录中,公司可能属于托尔托拉的“张三(John Doe)”。但实际上,你持有实物股份证书,谁持有这张纸,谁就拥有这家公司。
比如说,一家美国公司“购买”了一家 BVI 公司的咨询服务,于是资金就以商业费用的名义合法流出美国。BVI 公司再把这笔钱“投资”到开曼群岛的信托中;开曼信托再把钱“贷款”给一家卢森堡控股公司。等到政府调查人员查看卢森堡公司时,他们需要分别从三个国家获得法院命令,而每个国家都有严格的银行保密法,仅仅为了弄清钱从哪里来。大多数调查人员最终都会放弃。
然而,小型离岸银行无法独立在全球范围内转移资金。他们需要像摩根大通(JPMorgan)或德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)这样的“大型代理银行(correspondent banks)”。加勒比地区的一家小银行在纽约的摩根大通有一个大的“主账户”。当爱泼斯坦为客户转移资金时,在摩根大通看来,只是这家加勒比银行在转账。摩根大通不一定能看到这家加勒比银行内部成千上万个子账户。资金实际上存放在纽约的一流银行中,但在名义上“披着”离岸实体的外衣。
为了把“干净”的钱从高税率国家(如美国)转移到零税率国家,爱泼斯坦会让客户的离岸公司向美国企业开具一张“知识产权使用费”或“市场营销咨询费”的账单——这种项目模糊且难以界定,比如 1000 万美元。美国企业支付这张账单后,其应税利润减少了 1000 万美元。这 1000 万美元作为“收入”进入离岸账户,而那里的税率是 0%。没有违法,但 1000 万美元就这样消失在了美国国税局(IRS)的视野之外。挺聪明的,对吧?在我看来,爱泼斯坦总是走在法律和立法之前。如果从法律技术层面看,他并没有“违法”,但这合乎道德吗?恐怕不。我想只有成为亿万富翁才能理解,但这些人究竟还想要多少钱?要成为亿万富翁,恐怕必须对权力和金钱有某种异常的渴望和贪婪,99%的人没有足够的动力去做到这一点。这需要大量的努力、巨大的贪欲、极强的自律,以及——正如我所说——一种有问题的道德指南针。当钱多到一定程度,它就变成了坏事,越过了你从他人那里拿走、甚至偷走了多少的界限,而那些资源本可以属于他们。我个人并不相信亿万富翁从事慈善工作,比如,为什么不直接交税?或者干脆把钱交出来?不愿意?那你的“慈善事业”很可能只是避税和包装形象的一种花哨手段,尽管对真正了解你在做什么的人来说,这只会让你显得虚伪和卑劣。
总之,在这些“精巧”的操作之上,还有一种叫做“背对背贷款(back-to-back loan)”的手段。我知道你现在可能已经被这些术语搞得一头雾水,但这对每个人都非常重要。如果你现在经济压力很大,你不必非要弄懂这些,只要抬头挺胸,坚持下去。但如果你并不拮据,过着相对轻松的生活,请继续读下去。你可以随意使用这些信息,它不应该只是亿万富翁的专属秘密。此外,你也可以向 Gemini 询问任何问题,很多内容在互联网上都能找到,欢迎自行研究并在我有误时纠正我。
所谓“背对背贷款”,就是你不把钱取出来(那样会被征税),而是用你离岸账户里的 1000 万美元作为抵押,从一家国际银行获得贷款。结果是,银行在美国“借给你”1000 万美元。由于贷款收入不属于应税收入,你就可以自由支配这笔现金。你甚至还可以从美国税款中扣除你支付的贷款利息。你本质上是在用自己隐藏的钱向自己支付利息。
爱泼斯坦把所有这些技术都武器化了。他不仅为自己这么做,还用这些手段把别人牢牢绑在自己身边。如果他为某位政客或 CEO 安排了“背对背贷款”,他就掌握了摧毁那个人的钥匙。一旦这笔“贷款”被揭穿为虚假,那个人就会因税务欺诈而入狱。在记者维姬·沃德看来,爱泼斯坦不仅仅是个银行家,他是一个情报掮客,是那个清楚知道哪些“幽灵公司”属于哪些权势人物的人。这种知识,才是他真正的货币。
(未完待续)
